How to Use Lie, Lay, and Laid and Lain
I donât know if I ever heard anyone use, or even try to use, lain in the proper manner; however, lie, lay, and laid are different stories. And no matter how many times we have been taught, the rules donât seem to stick. Lie, lay, and laid are those rare verbs that escape proper use.
Iâm not saying I will make you remember; however, I might have a trick that will work.
Lie, Lay, and Laid by the Book
First, letâs tackle the rules (grammatically). The verb, to lie, means to be in a horizontal, recumbent, or prostrate position. The opposite of stand.The conjugation for lie is lay is the past tense, and lain is the past perfect. (more on conjugation later). Lie, lay, and laid is confusing enough without bringing conjugation into the picture.
Problems
Almost no one gets this right. Even idiomatic expressions are wrong and are in danger of becoming entrenched. Considerâlie down on the jobâit is more commonly known as âlay down on the jobâ. Or the even more common term, âlie lowâ,* has come to be known as âlay lowâ. If you say âlay lowâ, no one will look at you twice, but say âlie lowâ* and youâll draw more than a few sideways glances.
Further Explanation
If someone says to you, The cops are looking for me. I think Iâll lie low for a while, they would be grammatically correct, but still in trouble with the law; however, if they said, the cops are looking for me. I think Iâll lay low for a while, they would be using the wrong word, but it would sound more natural. This error has come to such common use, that most dictionaries recognize it as acceptable, and you hear it more often than not. This is a shame as it further confuses the lie, lay, and laid issue. TensesThe primary confusion of lie/lay comes because of the commonality of words. See table below.
Tense |
To lie |
To lay |
Present |
Lie |
Lay |
Past |
Lay |
Laid |
Past participle |
Lain |
Laid |
Present participle |
Lying |
Laying |
Lie is an intransitive verb and doesnât require an object, while lay is a transitive verb and will be followed by a direct object .
Lay means to place some thing or some one down.If youâre like me, none of that means crap to you. You might as well be talking to the wall.
So, what about the childâs prayerânow I lay me down to sleep?
Since you are saying lay me, you technically have an object, so grammatically, it is correct, though it might be damn difficult to lay yourself down. Picture a ghost of yourself picking up your body and laying it down to sleep. Maybe that will help you to remember it.
How to Remember
Itâs easy to remember (he says with a cackle). After all, itâs only taken me sixty years.
Picture of pen placed on paper.
As we already know, one of the most confusing comparisons in the English language is the difference between lie and lay. It has long been disputed, and has even longer been misused. How often do you hear anyone use it in the proper sense, of âyesterday, I lay down for a nap?â Probably close to never, unless you hang out with a band of nerdy grammarians. Usually, youâll hear, âyesterday, I laid down for a nap,â and no one bats an eye at that statement. The correct way to say it is, âI am going to lie down for a nap,â or âI lay down for a nap, yesterday,â or âThere have been days when I have lain down for two naps.â
Write me a letter if you ever hear someone use lain that way, though, as it might be a first.
On the other hand, lay, (when used as placed) is typically used properly. âI am going to lay the pencil on your desk.â Or, âI laid the pen there an hour ago.â Or, âYesterday, I had laid the eraser alongside the pen.â Remember this: you shouldnât use laid if it is in conjunction with sleep or restâunlessâit takes an object. So the statement, âyesterday, I laid him down to sleep,â is correct, but âyesterday, I laid down to sleep,â is not correct. In the first example, you laid someone (him) down to sleep. It has an object. In the second example, it has no object.
Dogs lying in bed
I Lied About Grammar
I told you I wouldnât expect you to learn grammar, but I liedâa little. The verb lay, as in, to place, requires an object; in other words, you need to have something to lay down. You canât tell someone to lay down or they have a perfect right to ask, âlay what downâ.So donât be surprised if the next time you tell your dog to âlay downâ he/she asks you, âLay what downâ? You might be surprised that he spoke, but donât be surprised that he questioned your grammar.
TipâWhich Word to Use? 🐗 : If you can substitute the word âplaceâ for the word, it is usually lay (present tense), as in, âPlaceâ (lay) the pencil on the desk.
If placed, fits better, it requires laid (past tense), as in, I âplacedâ (laid) the pencil on the desk. Not only does this method tell you if it works, but it also indicates the tense (place=lay and placed=laid). You couldnât say âI am going to âplaceâ down to sleep. Or âlast night I âplacedâ down to sleep. It sounds ridiculous and doesnât make sense.
Iâll say it againâsubstitute
place or placed. If they make sense, use either
lay (for place) or
laid (for placed). If the substitution doesnât make sense, use
lie for present tense or
lay for past tense. There are other ways to tell the difference. Check out
No Mistakes Grammar, Volume I. You might learn more than you want.
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Giacomo Giammatteo is the author of
gritty crime dramas about murder, mystery, and family. And he also writes
non-fiction books including the No Mistakes Careers series as well as books about grammar and publishing. See the complete list
here
He lives in Texas where he and his wife have an animal sanctuary with 45 loving âfriends.â Â
- idiomatic expressions are informal sayings that have a different meaning than the one expressed by the words. An example would be âhold your tongueâ as an idiomatic expression for âkeep your mouth shutâ.
- 1 A direct object receives the action of the verb, so the direct object will be whatever it is youâre laying
- Who are you layingâme.
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